The Mongols, Turkics, and Persians
Turkic People
Turkic people are a large group of different peoples who are mainly connected through language. The most important thing that makes someone or a group Turkic is their connection to the Turkic language family. There are many different Turkic peoples, including Turkish, Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, Kyrgyz, Azerbaijani, Uyghur, and Tatar speakers. They do not all have the same culture or history, so Turkic does not mean that they are all one ethnic group. It is also important to separate Turkish and Turkic. Turkish usually refers specifically to the people and language of Turkey, while Turkic is a much broader category that includes many different peoples across Eurasia. So, someone can be Turkic without being Turkish.
Persian People
Historically, Turkic peoples were mainly spread across Central and northern Asia, while Persian or Iranian peoples were generally located farther south. Persian culture had a major influence on places like Bukhara and Samarkand, especially through language, religion, literature, and government. The Persian-speaking world and Turkic-speaking world overlapped a lot, so they influenced each other rather than being completely separate.
Mongol People
The Mongols came from the steppes of northeastern Asia and originally lived as nomadic pastoral societies. They were heavily connected to horses, herding, and movement across the steppe. In the 1200s, Genghis Khan united many Mongol tribes and created the foundation of the Mongol Empire. The empire then expanded across a huge part of Asia and Europe.
The Mongols originated farther east, especially in northeastern Asia and the area around modern-day Mongolia. Their original homeland was different from the main Persian and Turkic cultural areas, but Mongol expansion eventually brought them into contact with both groups. Because of this, there was a lot of cultural mixing between Turkic, Persian, and Mongol peoples.